{"id":4714,"date":"2021-02-22T23:18:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T23:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/markscogan.com\/?p=4714"},"modified":"2021-02-24T04:43:10","modified_gmt":"2021-02-24T04:43:10","slug":"thailands-rising-tension-between-public-and-state-relations-with-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/markscogan.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/22\/thailands-rising-tension-between-public-and-state-relations-with-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Thailand\u2019s rising tension between public and state relations with China"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
People wearing protective face masks gather at a Chinese temple during celebrations for the Lunar New Year in Bangkok on February 12. Photo Credit: Diego Azubel\/: EPA-EFE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H<\/span>istorically, there has been both animosity and brotherhood between China and Thailand. Famously quoted from a song written by Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the relationship has been characterised as that of \u201cbrothers, which will last thousands of years and beyond\u201d<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Until recently, there has been little to doubt that assessment of Sino-Thai relations, as the relationship has only strengthened since the creation of a closer bond \u2013 one based on security cooperation against Vietnam in the 1970s and 80s, relief over Beijing\u2019s decision not to devalue the baht during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, relative silence during Thailand\u2019s May 2014 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, and increased Thai dependence on Chinese tourists<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
As featured in the Southeast Asia Globe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Yet because of recent developments, namely the authoritarian crackdown and passage of a draconian national security law in Hong Kong<\/a>, recent pressures on Taiwan, and relative silence amid the military coup in Myanmar, it is the image of China among the Thai public, rather than its foreign policy with Thailand\u2019s military-backed government, that has come under strain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recent years have seen a growing schism between Thailand\u2019s warm foreign relations with Beijing and rising public anger at the government\u2019s seemingly cozy relationship. The formation of the Milk Tea Alliance this past year has shone a light on a younger generation of Thai\u2019s resistance to Chinese influence in the kingdom, rejecting the notion of a strong cultural bond between the two countries. It is this rising anti-Chinese sentiment that should concern Thai and Chinese policymakers going forward, as a temporary online war of words from netizens has the potential to spill over into something much worse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interactions with China in Thailand are not always smooth. Before the onset of Covid-19, Chinese tourists became the lifeblood of the Thai tourism industry, accounting for more than 25% of all<\/a> visitors to the kingdom. Yet Thais began to regard the influx of Chinese tourists as a negative, with some earning the same \u201cugly\u201d moniker<\/a> that had previously been associated with Americans. The Thai government has struggled to find a balance between public anger at the behaviour of Chinese tourists and its growing dependence on the revenue they bring in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compounding the problem was \u201czero-dollar\u201d tourism<\/a>, where Chinese travel agencies would offer cheap tours, with meals and accommodation, offering tourists the luxury of knowing their needs would be taken care of and limiting spending in the wider community. In 2016, the Thai government banned zero-dollar tourism, shutting down several companies and arresting some for money laundering and illegal tours \u2013 all with limited success. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hostility only grew at the onset of the pandemic, as a wave of anti-Chinese sentiment rippled across Southeast Asia and beyond during the Covid-19 outbreak in early January last year. In February last year, Thai graffiti artist Headache Stencil wrote racist rants<\/a> against Chinese tourists and reports of anti-Chinese sentiment reached as far north as Chiang Mai. As the coronavirus continued to spread, xenophobic nationalism proliferated online. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Headache
Thai graffiti artist Headache Stencil next to a satirical China-themed portrait of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-ocha. Photo Credit: Headache Stencil\/Facebook<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foreign policy stumbles and increasing interdependence have also amplified Thai animosities toward Beijing. In 2019 for example, concerns arose about a Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) high-speed rail project that would connect Nong Khai with Vientiane, Laos and Yunnan Province in southwestern China. Thai newspaper editorials grumbled<\/a> over the possibilities that this could be another Chinese \u201cdebt trap\u201d, with much of the financing in the second phase of the project coming from international loans, of which China stands to benefit the most. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Little in the way of transparency and accountability were shown by the government, which kept most of the details of the project hidden from the Thai public. The consequences of this lack of transparency are reflected in the statistics, with a poll taken in January 2020 showing that 60% of Southeast Asian respondents reported that they distrusted China<\/a>, and 40% thought it intended to turn the region into its sphere of influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But it is the growing Milk Tea Alliance that has increased scrutiny of China within Thailand. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Milk Tea Alliance\u2019s early origins came from an online squabble between fans of Vachirawit Chivaaree \u2013 or Bright from the Thai drama 2gether: The Series<\/em> \u2013 and Chinese netizens when the actor retweeted photos of skylines<\/a> in four \u201ccountries\u201d, one of which was Hong Kong. When the Chinese responded with tweets insulting Thailand\u2019s king and prime minister, Thai fans were unimpressed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s a largely leaderless online mechanism that aims to harness international criticism at Chinese authoritarianism in East and Southeast Asia, and it has become a prominent voice in Thailand\u2019s ongoing pro-democracy protests. There is the sense among members of the Alliance \u2013 Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and now Myanmar \u2013 that each have become victims of Beijing-backed authoritarian regimes or policies, and by proxy, a victim of China itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the early days of the Milk Tea Alliance were petty bouts of nationalism and online trolling, the broader movement has become symbolic of some of the frustrations Thais \u2013 and now people across Southeast Asia, including Myanmar \u2013 have about China\u2019s formidable presence in the region. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The evidence of Beijing\u2019s influence is difficult to ignore. China is Thailand\u2019s largest trading partner<\/a>, according to the World Bank. The same is true for Myanmar and Cambodia. Even Thailand\u2019s economic growth models, which aim to elevate the country from middle-income status to fully developed by 2037 are contingent upon connections to Beijing, which Prayut hopes will provide a substantial portion of the foreign direct investment required to fund the Eastern Economic Corridor.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words, Thailand\u2019s future is intertwined with that of China. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Tourists wearing protective masks walk past a sign showing support to China in the fight against the Covid-19 inside a department store in Bangkok on February 25, 2020. Photo Credit: Diego Azubel\/EPA-EFE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

But the Milk Tea Alliance is somewhat separated from the realities of economic interdependence. Activists in Asia have increasingly regarded Beijing, like many in the West, as a lingering threat to democratisation<\/a> and the well-being of existing democratic institutions, as evidenced by the ongoing political, economic, and social integration of Hong Kong into mainland China. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s relative silence following the February 1 military coup d\u2019\u00e9tat in Myanmar has also already set off alarms among Milk Tea activists. China immediately blocked a resolution in the UN Security Council condemning the coup, warning that international pressure or sanctions would only worsen matters in Myanmar. The lack of support or condemnation<\/a> only reinforces the image of China as recalcitrant in the face of bitter opposition to an unpopular coup. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the image of China which is something that both the Thai and Chinese governments will have to contend with going forward. If the Thai younger generation \u2013 much more technologically savvy and politically progressive than previous generations \u2013 holds little regard for sentiments of the past, it serves as a stark reminder of a cloudier future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At some point in time, Thailand\u2019s public anger will catch up to its foreign relations with China. The signs of this are already showing, when an angry Thai public got the better of an unpopular move by the Thai government to buy two $724 million Chinese submarines<\/a> amidst the pandemic in August.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This public anger towards China could spillover into more persistent development challenges, such as Thailand\u2019s vulnerability to drought<\/a> \u2013 and its precarious position on the lower Mekong and subject to the political whims of China. Countries bordering the lower Mekong River are at the mercy of Chinese controlled upper Mekong dams<\/a> \u2013 but Thailand, Cambodia, and Lao PDR rarely raise objections due to their cozy relations with Beijing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Thailand has already begun to take notice of growing public discontent with Chinese influence on the issue, and in February 2020, the Thai government ended a Chinese-led project<\/a> that would improve navigation in a section of the Mekong after local residents and conservationists loudly objected over potential environmental impacts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

All this is to show that Thailand\u2019s relationship with China \u2013 mainly the image of Chinese influence within the kingdom \u2013 hangs delicately in the balance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historically, there has been both animosity and brotherhood between China and Thailand. Famously quoted from a song written by Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the relationship has been characterised as that of \u201cbrothers, which will last thousands of years and beyond\u201d. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,186,98,17],"tags":[76,201,202,90,200,199,134,22,21],"class_list":["post-4714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-myanmar","category-southeast-asia","category-thailand","tag-covid-19","tag-eastern-economic-corridor","tag-foreign-relations","tag-hong-kong","tag-milk-tea-alliance","tag-myanmar-coup","tag-prawit","tag-prayut","tag-thailand"],"yoast_head":"\nThailand\u2019s rising tension between public and state relations with China – Mark S. 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