{"id":5532,"date":"2022-06-16T09:15:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T09:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/markscogan.com\/?p=5532"},"modified":"2022-06-21T09:30:53","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T09:30:53","slug":"how-engaged-was-china-at-the-shangri-la-dialogue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/markscogan.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/16\/how-engaged-was-china-at-the-shangri-la-dialogue\/","title":{"rendered":"How Engaged Was China at the Shangri-La Dialogue?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Chinese Defense Minister Gen. Wei Fenghe addresses the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue on June 12, 2022. Photo Credit: IISS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

I<\/mark>t was in 2007 that the Shangri-La Dialogue came into its own, with China and the growing importance of the Indo-Pacific at the center of its discussion. While China didn\u2019t send ministerial-level officials, Vice Minister and Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinsheng\u2019s presence at the 2007 Dialogue suggested that Beijing viewed the forum as an opportunity to advance its public diplomacy and demonstrate China\u2019s ability to be more transparent and inclusive about its operations in the South China Sea and beyond. <\/p>\n\n\n

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As featured in The Diplomat<\/a><\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Zhang\u2019s speech, in which he declared<\/a> that China\u2019s \u201cpeaceful development is not a makeshift, but a serious choice and pledge of the Chinese government and people,\u201d hinted at the same. China, seemingly, had become an active part of a Western multilateral defense forum, and by the tone of Zhang\u2019s speech, was willing to engage constructively with it.  However, the question today is how much this remains the case, especially when China is confronted with a mountain of criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few days ago, during this year\u2019s Shangri-La Dialogue, officials from Japan and the United States set a confrontational tone in keynote addresses. Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio delivered a speech<\/a> that, without mentioning China by name, called into question China\u2019s \u201cunilateral attempts to change the status quo by force\u201d in the East China Sea. He also targeted its designs on Taiwan, noting that Chinese activities in the Taiwan Strait were contrary to the respect of \u201cpeople\u2019s diversity, free will, and human rights.\u201d The same was true for the U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, who reiterated Washington\u2019s policy of strategic ambiguity<\/a> and commitment under the Taiwan Relations Act, but confronted Beijing over its aggressiveness in the Taiwan Strait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China reacted intensely to both Kishida and Austin\u2019s speeches. A senior Chinese official called Austin\u2019s speech \u201cconfrontational\u201d and Chinese Defense Minister Gen. Wei Fenghe reportedly told Austin<\/a> that China would \u201csmash to smithereens any Taiwan independence plot and resolutely uphold the unification of the motherland.\u201d Kishida\u2019s statement that \u201cUkraine today may be East Asia tomorrow\u201d was even less reassuring. Looking only at the last week\u2019s Dialogue and not at the gamut of regional fora, China\u2019s tone was defensive if not aggressive, but it does not mean that China hasn\u2019t been willing to engage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to participation in the Singapore-based Shangri-La Dialogue, China is often a key participant in other regional fora, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) mechanism, the ADMM Plus, and the ASEAN Regional Forum. China has long complained \u2013 not just at this event \u2013 that Western participants in the Dialogue were taking the opportunity to \u201cbully\u201d<\/a> or \u201cgang up\u201d on it, even if this year\u2019s comments were particularly strident. Back in 2018, regional rival India even lent China a supportive shoulder<\/a>, when Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was set to give the keynote, saying India \u201cdoes not see the Indo-Pacific Region as a strategy or as a club of limited members\u201d.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the past, China was as cooperative as much as it was combative. While in 2007 Zhang was quick to criticize a Pentagon report that called into question the size of China\u2019s military budget as well as its intentions in the Taiwan Strait and other regional hotspots, he also agreed to a proposed U.S.-China military \u201chotline\u201d<\/a> in an effort to improve relations with Washington. Biden early last year advanced the notion of more hotlines<\/a> to improve communication between the two powers. Later, China agreed to send higher level officials to the Shangri-La Dialogue, with Gen. Liang Guanglie<\/a> in 2011 becoming the first Chinese defense minister to address delegates. China has reached the conclusion that attendance is better than remaining aloof, as it can directly confront criticisms thrown its way, as well as criticize aspects of the international order that it deems unfair or unnecessarily hostile. Beijing\u2019s reactions to the Kishida and Austin addresses are in keeping with that strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China can also turn on the charm. The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), which hosts the Dialogues, invited People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) Maj.-Gen. Yao Yunzhu, from China\u2019s Academy of Military Sciences, to attend. Critics found her six appearances at the Shangri-La Dialogue, most recently in 2018, as being well above average, particularly when she offered candid advice for her own country on how to handle Western criticism. Yao noted that with regard to its engagement on the international stage, China must \u201cbreak through the discourse barrier.\u201d<\/a> Her performance set the mark and set the stage for Gen. Wei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Track One (official or governmental<\/em>) element of the Shangri-La Dialogue dominated news headlines, the IISS forum also provided a Track Two (backchannel or informal<\/em>) component that offers an environment for experts, academics, the private sector, and others to engage with senior officials or each other. It also invited questions and answers between governmental officials that transcend mere public diplomacy, creating a semi-Socratic environment where criticisms have the opportunity to be processed and remedies proposed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, when confronted with a question on Sunday from Zhao Xiaozhuo, a senior fellow at the Academy of Military Sciences and a representative of China\u2019s People\u2019s Liberation Army, Singapore\u2019s Defense Minister Ng Eng Hen replied that China had to decide if the Dialogue \u201cadds value.\u201d<\/a> Further, he said, \u201cIs it better? To come to an open platform, to subject yourself sometimes to a tyranny of questions and to what might seem a common view from others to explain yourself? Or to retreat from that engagement? That is something that China must decide for itself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s presence and engagement in Singapore, while mostly hidden by posturing and confrontational rhetoric, is welcome and should be encouraged. The Shangri-La Dialogue is a unique and independent regional defense forum, a welcome departure from more formal intergovernmental fora. China is currently at a delicate moment in its history<\/a>, as it seeks to rein in international criticism and project power simultaneously. While Chinese President Xi Jinping has grown weary of criticism, bringing strong delegations to Western-style security fora could be a welcome antidote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It was in 2007 that the Shangri-La Dialogue came into its own, with China and the growing importance of the Indo-Pacific at the center of its discussion. While China didn\u2019t send ministerial-level officials, Vice Minister and Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinsheng\u2019s presence at the 2007 Dialogue suggested that Beijing viewed the forum as an opportunity to advance its public diplomacy and demonstrate China\u2019s ability to be more transparent and inclusive about its operations in the South China Sea and beyond. Zhang\u2019s speech, in which he declared that China\u2019s \u201cpeaceful development is not a makeshift, but a serious choice and pledge of the Chinese government and people,\u201d hinted at the same.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,100,351,19,304,165],"tags":[39,371,373,45,370,372],"class_list":["post-5532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-east-asia","category-indo-pacific","category-japan","category-taiwan","category-united-states","tag-china","tag-defense-policy","tag-fumio-kishida","tag-japan","tag-shangri-la-dialogues","tag-wei-fenghe"],"yoast_head":"\nHow Engaged Was China at the Shangri-La Dialogue? – Mark S. 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Zhang Qinsheng\u2019s presence at the 2007 Dialogue suggested that Beijing viewed the forum as an opportunity to advance its public diplomacy and demonstrate China\u2019s ability to be more transparent and inclusive about its operations in the South China Sea and beyond. Zhang\u2019s speech, in which he declared that China\u2019s \u201cpeaceful development is not a makeshift, but a serious choice and pledge of the Chinese government and people,\u201d hinted at the same.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/markscogan.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/16\/how-engaged-was-china-at-the-shangri-la-dialogue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mark S. 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